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What's Turbocharger
The turbocharger uses the engine's exhaust gases to power a turbine, which drives a compressor, and pushes more air into the engine. This allows the engine to produce more power without any increase in size. Turbochargers have provided such significant improvements in engine efficiency that they are now fitted to almost all new diesel engines.
To increase horsepower output of a given displacement engine
To reduce weight
To keep down costs
To maintain power at higher altitudes
To reduce smoke
Working principle
A turbocharger is a small radial fan pump driven by the energy of the exhaust gases of an engine. A turbocharger consists of a turbine and a compressor on a shared shaft. The turbine section of a turbocharger is a heat engine in itself. It converts the heat energy from the exhaust to power, which then drives the compressor, compressing ambient air and delivering it to the air intake manifold of the engine at higher pressure, resulting in a greater mass of air entering each cylinder. In some instances, compressed air is routed through an intercooler before introduction to the intake manifold. Because a turbocharger is a heat engine, and is converting otherwise wasted exhaust heat to power, it compresses the inlet air to the engine more efficiently than a supercharger.
Why use Turbochargers?
To increase horsepower output of a given displacement engineWhere the engine compartment of a machine is of a given size, a turbocharged engine can be used to provide increased horsepower without having to enlarge the engine compartment for a larger displacement engine.
To reduce weight Turbocharged engines have more horsepower per Kilogram than non-turbocharged engines.
To keep down costs Initial cost of turbocharged engines, on a dollar per horsepower basis, is less than for a naturally aspirated (N.A.) engine, and the differential increases with the rate of turbocharging. It all adds up to more horsepower per dollar.
To maintain power at higher altitudes The altitude compensator also falls in this category, giving vital machine productivity at high altitudes.
To reduce smokeTurbocharging can be an effective way to reduce exhaust density by providing excess air. However, using a turbocharger does not ensure this, as many other components also affect exhaust density and these must be properly designed and matched to provide an acceptable smoke level.
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